Last Monday, we continued our lesson regarding the different ways to develop a paragraph. We discussed the other seven methods. The eight method is to develop a paragraph by classification, it is dividing your subject into various topics. The ninth method is developing a paragraph by analysis. The next method is developing a paragraph by definition, it may seem that this method is the easiest but it’s not because it has a pattern to follow. Its pattern is Term = Class + Characteristics. This pattern must be followed in order to arrive at a good definition. The eleventh method is developing a paragraph by repetition, this is done to emphasize the main idea. Another method is developing a paragraph by description. In this method, we use our five senses to tell how something looks, tastes, smells, feels, or acts. The next method is developing a paragraph by question and answer. And the last method we discussed last Monday is developing a paragraph by elimination or negation wherein we point out what an idea is not and proceeds with an explanation of what really it is. Next meeting, we will continue discussing from the fifteenth method up to the last method of developing a paragraph.

We already know the different ways on how to begin and end a paragraph. So today, we discussed the different methods to develop a paragraph. Actually, there are eighteen methods that we would discuss but we only finished until the seventh method because we ran out of time. The first method is to develop the paragraph by details, it is a common method of developing a paragraph wherein it presents the four kinds of details namely facts, examples, incidents and reasons to explain the paragraph. The second method is to develop a paragraph by giving reasons, the topic sentence of the paragraph is emphasized or developed by giving reasons regarding the topic. The third one is by developing a paragraph by specific instance, it is relating an incident that illustrates the topic sentence. The fourth method is to develop a paragraph by giving examples that may support the main points. The fifth method is developing a paragraph by facts wherein you would support the topic sentence with the presentation of facts that can be proven. The sixth one is to develop a paragraph by comparison and contrast wherein you would point out the similarities between two objects, persons, or ideas. In a paragraph with simple and familiar things, comparison is done. But a paragraph with a long simile is developed through comparison. And the seventh method is developing the paragraph by cause and effect, it is pointing out the relationships between certain situations and their effects. It may be a cause-effect or effect-cause relationship. The other methods would be discussed next meeting. :)

Today we learned how to end a paragraph. The ending of a paragraph should be able to give an idea of completeness and finality. There are five ways to end a paragraph. The first one is to end it with a summary of the content of the paragraph or a clinching statement. The second way is to end it with the main points of the paragraph if it is developed inductively. Third way is to end it with a quotation from a poem. Another way is to end it with a reference to a title. And lastly, end it with a rhetorical question to make the reader think further of the subject. The ending of a paragraph is important because it leaves a mark or a lasting impression to the readers.

The starting statement of a paragraph should get the attention of the readers and should encourage them to go on reading. It should give the reader an idea to what the whole paragraph is all about. There are ten ways to start a paragraph. First is by beginning with the topic sentence, which is the controlling idea of the paragraph. The second one is by beginning with a statement of attitude or your own point of view about the topic. The third way is to begin with an anecdote or a story related to the topic. The fourth one is to begin with a rhetorical question, it is asked in order to make a point and asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks. The other way is to begin with a startling statement which is related with what is to follow. The sixth way is to begin with a quotation, passage from a poem, or a line of a song, etc. Other way is to begin with an analogy or comparison. The eighth one is to begin with a statement of purpose. Then to begin with a statement of division of your subject. And the last way is to begin with a general statement or principles which apply to your subject. :)

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Non-prose forms, also known as graphic forms are used in providing information, showing comparison, presenting changes and developments over a period of time. Examples of non-prose forms are maps, tables, charts, and graphs. There are different kinds of graphic forms. A graph uses dots or lines in showing relationship between things. Bar graph, line graph, pictograph and pie graph. A bar graph is effective in showing comparative figures and relationships. A line graph uses points and lines to show the development of trend over time. A pictograph uses figures to represent the concept under discussion. And lastly, a pie graph shows the relationship of one portion to the entire portion of the graph. We also discussed how to interpret cartoons. First, you must have knowledge about the events in that period. then, you must think of the motives of the cartoonist. And lastly, you must look things at a different point of view. There are 3C’s that we must remember, the Context, Content and the Comment. There are also other graphic forms such as tables. Tables have three types. The single table which is a comparison of data on only one basis. The spot table which is a comparison of data on two bases. The complex table which is a comparison of data on three or more bases. And charts are sub-divided into: organizational chart-shows structure, and flow chart-shows steps. And lastly the diagram. It is divided into process diagram, which shows how something happens. And the parts diagram which shows parts of an object. =)